When might a military shipment require a certification of equivalency?

A certification of equivalency is necessary when the standard packaging requirements for a military shipment cannot be provided. This certification is essential because it verifies that the alternative packaging method used meets the safety and handling standards set by military regulations. Proper packaging is crucial in ensuring the secure transport of munitions, minimizing the risk of accidents or hazardous spills during transit.

In instances where the required packaging cannot be used—perhaps due to unavailability or specific logistical challenges—a certification of equivalency allows for flexibility while still maintaining compliance with safety protocols. This ensures that although the standard packaging is not used, the shipment remains protected and complies with the necessary regulations for safe transport.

The other choices do not directly relate to the conditions under which a certification of equivalency is required. New munitions do not automatically necessitate such certification since they may come with their established packaging. Expired certifications pertain to the need for renewal rather than equivalency, and shipping costs exceeding the budget are related to financial constraints, rather than packaging standards or safety.